Instalace¶

phpMyAdmin nijak nerozšiřuje zabezpečení MySQL serveru. Je úkolem správce systému aby řádně povoloval/odebíral oprávnění k MySQL databázím. V jejich správě vám může pomoci záložka Uživatelé v phpMyAdminovi.

Linuxové distribuce¶

phpMyAdmin je součástí většiny distribucí Linuxu. Pokud je to možné, doporučujeme použití těchto distribučních balíčků - obvykle poskytují integraci s danou distribucí a automaticky získávají bezpečnostní aktualizace.

Debian a Ubuntu¶

Většina verzí Debianu a Ubuntu obsahuje balíček phpMyAdmin, mějte však na paměti, že konfigurační soubor se nachází v adresáři /etc/phpmyadmin a v některých ohledech se může lišit od oficiální dokumentace phpMyAdmin. Konkrétně zajišťuje:

Konfiguraci webového serveru (funguje pro Apache a lighttpd).
Vytvoření Úložiště nastavení phpMyAdmina pomocí dbconfig-common.
Zabezpečení nastavovacího skriptu, viz Setup script on Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives.

Podrobnější informace o instalaci balíčků Debian nebo Ubuntu naleznete v naší wiki.

Viz také

More information can be found in README.Debian (it is installed as /usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/README.Debian with the package).

OpenSUSE¶

OpenSUSE already comes with phpMyAdmin package, just install packages from the openSUSE Build Service.

Gentoo¶

Gentoo poskytuje balíček phpMyAdmina, a to jednak v téměř výchozí konfiguraci, a jednak v konfiguraci webapp-config. Instalaci provedete příkazem emerge dev-db/phpmyadmin.

Mandriva¶

Mandriva poskytuje balíček phpMyAdmin ve větvi contrib, instalaci provedete přes obvyklé Ovládací centrum.

Fedora¶

Fedora nabízí balíček phpMyAdmin. Mějte však na paměti, že konfigurační soubor se nachází v adresáři /etc/phpMyAdmin/ a v některých ohledech se může lišit od oficiální dokumentace phpMyAdmin.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux¶

Red Hat Enterprise Linux ani z něj odvozené distribuce, jako např. CentOS, balíček phpMyAdmin nenabízejí. Najdete ho ale v repozitáři projektu Fedora Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL), pokud ho máte povolený. Mějte však na paměti, že konfigurační soubor se nachází v adresáři /etc/phpMyAdmin/ a v některých ohledech se může lišit od oficiální dokumentace phpMyAdmin.

Instalace na Windows¶

Nejjednodušší způsob, jak získat phpMyAdmina v systému Windows, je použití produktů třetích stran, které obsahují phpMyAdmina společně s databází a webovým serverem, jako např. XAMPP.

Více takových možností najdete na Wikipedii.

Instalace z Gitu¶

K instalaci z Gitu budete potřebovat několik podpůrných aplikací:

Git ke stažení zdroje, nebo si můžete stáhnout nejnovější zdroj přímo z Githubu
Composer
Node.js (verze 10 nebo vyšší)
Yarn

Aktuální zdrojový kód phpMyAdmina si můžete naklonovat z https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin.git:

git clone https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin.git

Dále je třeba nainstalovat závislosti pomocí Composeru:

composer update

Pokud nemáte v úmyslu vyvíjet, můžete přeskočit instalaci vývojářských nástrojů zadáním:

composer update --no-dev

Nakonec budete muset pomocí Yarnu nainstalovat několik závislostí JavaScriptu:

yarn install --production

Instalace pomocí Composeru¶

K instalaci phpMyAdmina můžete použít Composer tool. Od verze 4.7.0 se všechna vydání automaticky zrcadlí do výchozího repozitáře Packagist.

Poznámka

Obsah repozitáře Composer se generuje automaticky nezávisle na jednotlivých vydáních, tento obsah tedy nemusí být 100% stejný jako při stažení tarballu. Neměl by však obsahovat žádné funkční rozdíly.

K instalaci phpMyAdmina stačí spustit:

composer create-project phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Případně můžete použít náš vlastní composer repozitář, který obsahuje tarbally jednotlivých vydání a je k dispozici na adrese <https://www.phpmyadmin.net/packages.json>:

composer create-project phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin --repository-url=https://www.phpmyadmin.net/packages.json --no-dev

Instalace pomocí Dockeru¶

phpMyAdmin nabízí oficiální obraz Docker, který umožňuje snadné nasazení. Stáhnete si ho příkazem:

docker pull phpmyadmin

Server phpMyAdmin bude naslouchat na portu 80. Podporuje několik možností konfigurace odkazu na databázový server, a to buď pomocí funkce link v Dockeru propojením databázového kontejneru s db phpMyAdmina (zadáním --link hostitel_databáze:db), nebo pomocí proměnných prostředí (v tomto případě musíte nastavit síť v Dockeru tak, aby mohl kontejner phpMyAdmina přistupovat přes síť ke kontejneru databáze).

Proměnné prostředí Docker¶

Pomocí proměnných prostředí můžete nakonfigurovat několik vlastností phpMyAdmina:

PMA_ARBITRARY¶: Umožňuje zadat název hostitele databázového serveru v přihlašovacím formuláři.

Viz také

$cfg['AllowArbitraryServer']

PMA_HOST¶: Název hostitele nebo IP adresa databázového serveru, který se má použít.

Viz také

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host']

PMA_HOSTS¶: Čárkami oddělené názvy hostitelů nebo adresy IP databázových serverů, které se mají použít.

Poznámka

Používá se pouze v případě, že je prázdná hodnota PMA_HOST.

PMA_VERBOSE¶: Dlouhý název databázového serveru.

Viz také

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['verbose']

PMA_VERBOSES¶: Čárkami oddělené dlouhé názvy databázových serverů.

Poznámka

Používá se pouze v případě, že je prázdná hodnota PMA_VERBOSE.

PMA_USER¶: Uživatelské jméno, které se má použít pro Přihlašování uložené v nastaveních.

PMA_PASSWORD¶: Heslo, které se má použít pro Přihlašování uložené v nastaveních.

PMA_PORT¶: Port databázového serveru, který se má použít.

PMA_PORTS¶: Čárkami oddělené porty databázového serveru, které se mají použít.

Poznámka

Používá se pouze v případě, že je prázdná hodnota PMA_PORT.

PMA_ABSOLUTE_URI¶: Úplná cesta (https://pma.example.net/), na které je phpMyAdmin dostupný přes reverzní proxy.

Viz také

$cfg['PmaAbsoluteUri']

HIDE_PHP_VERSION¶: Pokud je definována tato volba, bude se skrývat verze PHP (expose_php = Off). Volbu můžete nastavit na libovolnou hodnotu (např. HIDE_PHP_VERSION=true).

UPLOAD_LIMIT¶: Pokud je nastavena tato volba, přepíše výchozí hodnotu pro apache a php-fpm (změní se hodnoty upload_max_filesize a post_max_size).

Poznámka

Použijte formát [0-9+](K,M,G), výchozí hodnota je 2048K

PMA_CONFIG_BASE64¶: Pokud je nastavena tato volba, přepíše výchozí soubor config.inc.php obsahem proměnné dekódovaným pomocí base64.

PMA_USER_CONFIG_BASE64¶: Pokud je nastavena tato volba, přepíše výchozí soubor config.user.inc.php obsahem proměnné dekódovaným pomocí base64.

Ve výchozím nastavení se používá Přihlašování pomocí cookies, ale pokud jsou nastaveny hodnoty PMA_USER a PMA_PASSWORD, použije se Přihlašování uložené v nastaveních.

Poznámka

Přihlašovací údaje jsou uloženy na serveru MySQL. V případě obrazu Docker je lze nastavit několika způsoby (např. MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD při spuštění kontejneru MySQL). Prostudujte si prosím dokumentaci pro kontejner MariaDB nebo kontejner MySQL.

Úprava konfigurace¶

Konfiguraci lze dále upravit pomocí souboru /etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php. Pokud tento soubor existuje, načte se po vygenerování konfigurace z výše uvedených proměnných prostředí, takže můžete libovolnou konfigurační proměnnou přepsat. Tuto konfiguraci lze přidat jako svazek při vyvolání Dockeru pomocí parametrů -v /some/local/directory/config.user.inc.php:/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php.

Všimněte si, že dodaný konfigurační soubor se použije až poté, co se použijí Proměnné prostředí Docker, ale kteroukoli z hodnot můžete přepsat.

Chcete-li například změnit výchozí chování exportu CSV, můžete použít následující konfigurační soubor:

<?php
$cfg['Export']['csv_columns'] = true;

Můžete v něm také definovat konfiguraci serveru namísto použití proměnných prostředí uvedených v části Proměnné prostředí Docker:

<?php
/* Override Servers array */
$cfg['Servers'] = [
    1 => [
        'auth_type' => 'cookie',
        'host' => 'mydb1',
        'port' => 3306,
        'verbose' => 'Verbose name 1',
    ],
    2 => [
        'auth_type' => 'cookie',
        'host' => 'mydb2',
        'port' => 3306,
        'verbose' => 'Verbose name 2',
    ],
];

Viz také

Podrobný popis možností konfigurace naleznete v části Nastavení.

Svazky Docker¶

Chování obrazu lze upravit pomocí následujících svazků:

/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php

Lze použít pro další nastavení, podrobnosti najdete v předchozí kapitole.

/sessions/

Adresář, do kterého se ukládají relace PHP. Možná je budete chtít sdílet, například pokud používáte Přihlašování signon.

/www/themes/

Adresář, ve kterém phpMyAdmin hledá motivy vzhledu. Ve výchozím nastavení obsahuje pouze motivy dodávané s phpMyAdminem, pomocí svazků Docker však můžete přidat i další motivy phpMyAdmina (viz Vlastní motivy).

Příklady Docker¶

Připojení phpMyAdmina k danému serveru:

docker run --name myadmin -d -e PMA_HOST=dbhost -p 8080:80 phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Připojení phpMyAdmina k více serverům:

docker run --name myadmin -d -e PMA_HOSTS=dbhost1,dbhost2,dbhost3 -p 8080:80 phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Použití libovolného serveru:

docker run --name myadmin -d --link mysql_db_server:db -p 8080:80 -e PMA_ARBITRARY=1 phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

You can also link the database container using Docker:

docker run --name phpmyadmin -d --link mysql_db_server:db -p 8080:80 phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Spuštění s další konfigurací:

docker run --name phpmyadmin -d --link mysql_db_server:db -p 8080:80 -v /some/local/directory/config.user.inc.php:/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Spuštění s dalšími motivy:

docker run --name phpmyadmin -d --link mysql_db_server:db -p 8080:80 -v /custom/phpmyadmin/theme/:/www/themes/theme/ phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Použití docker-compose¶

Případně můžete použít také docker-compose se souborem docker-compose.yml z <https://github.com/phpmyadmin/docker>. Tím se spustí phpMyAdmin s libovolným serverem, což vám umožní zadat server MySQL/MariaDB na přihlašovací stránce.

docker-compose up -d

Přizpůsobení konfiguračního souboru pomocí docker-compose¶

Konfiguraci phpMyAdmina můžete upravit pomocí externího souboru, který předáte pomocí direktivy volumes:

phpmyadmin:
    image: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
    container_name: phpmyadmin
    environment:
     - PMA_ARBITRARY=1
    restart: always
    ports:
     - 8080:80
    volumes:
     - /sessions
     - ~/docker/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php:/etc/phpmyadmin/config.user.inc.php
     - /custom/phpmyadmin/theme/:/www/themes/theme/

Viz také

Úprava konfigurace

Running behind haproxy in a subdirectory¶

When you want to expose phpMyAdmin running in a Docker container in a subdirectory, you need to rewrite the request path in the server proxying the requests.

For example, using haproxy it can be done as:

frontend http
    bind *:80
    option forwardfor
    option http-server-close

    ### NETWORK restriction
    acl LOCALNET  src 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.0.0/16 172.16.0.0/12

    # /phpmyadmin
    acl phpmyadmin  path_dir /phpmyadmin
    use_backend phpmyadmin if phpmyadmin LOCALNET

backend phpmyadmin
    mode http

    reqirep  ^(GET|POST|HEAD)\ /phpmyadmin/(.*)     \1\ /\2

    # phpMyAdmin container IP
    server localhost     172.30.21.21:80

When using traefik, something like following should work:

defaultEntryPoints = ["http"]
[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.http]
  address = ":80"
    [entryPoints.http.redirect]
      regex = "(http:\\/\\/[^\\/]+\\/([^\\?\\.]+)[^\\/])$"
      replacement = "$1/"

[backends]
  [backends.myadmin]
    [backends.myadmin.servers.myadmin]
    url="http://internal.address.to.pma"

[frontends]
   [frontends.myadmin]
   backend = "myadmin"
   passHostHeader = true
     [frontends.myadmin.routes.default]
     rule="PathPrefixStrip:/phpmyadmin/;AddPrefix:/"

You then should specify PMA_ABSOLUTE_URI in the docker-compose configuration:

version: '2'

services:
  phpmyadmin:
    restart: always
    image: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
    container_name: phpmyadmin
    hostname: phpmyadmin
    domainname: example.com
    ports:
      - 8000:80
    environment:
      - PMA_HOSTS=172.26.36.7,172.26.36.8,172.26.36.9,172.26.36.10
      - PMA_VERBOSES=production-db1,production-db2,dev-db1,dev-db2
      - PMA_USER=root
      - PMA_PASSWORD=
      - PMA_ABSOLUTE_URI=http://example.com/phpmyadmin/

IBM Cloud¶

One of our users has created a helpful guide for installing phpMyAdmin on the IBM Cloud platform.

Rychlá instalace¶

Zvolte vhodnou distribuční sadu z možností na stažení na phpmyadmin.net. Některé sady obsahují jen anglický překlad, jiné všechny jazyky. Dále budeme předpokládat, že vámi zvolená sada se jmenuje phpMyAdmin-x.x.x-all-languages.tar.gz.
Ensure you have downloaded a genuine archive, see Verifying phpMyAdmin releases.
Untar or unzip the distribution (be sure to unzip the subdirectories): tar -xzvf phpMyAdmin_x.x.x-all-languages.tar.gz in your webserver’s document root. If you don’t have direct access to your document root, put the files in a directory on your local machine, and, after step 4, transfer the directory on your web server using, for example, FTP.
Ujistěte se, že všechny skripty patří odpovídajícímu vlastníkovi (pokud PHP běží v tzv. safe režimu, mohl by fakt, že různé soubory patří rozdílným vlastníkům, působit problémy). Více informací naleznete v 4.2 What’s the preferred way of making phpMyAdmin secure against evil access? a v 1.26 I just installed phpMyAdmin in my document root of IIS but I get the error „No input file specified“ when trying to run phpMyAdmin..
Nyní je potřeba instalaci nakonfigurovat. Toho lze dosáhnout dvěma způsoby. Dříve uživatelé obvykle ručně editovali kopii souboru config.inc.php, nyní je tu pro ty, kterým více vyhovuje grafická instalace, skript nabízející průvodce nastavením. Vytvoření souboru config.inc.php však stále představuje rychlý způsob, jak začít, a dokonce je nezbytné, přejete-li si využívat některé pokročilé funkce.

Ruční vytvoření souboru¶

Soubor config.inc.php vytoříte v hlavním (nejvyšším) phpMyAdmin adresáři (tedy v tom, který obsahuje index.php) jednoduše pomocí svého textového editoru (jako základ je možné si vzít soubor config.sample.inc.php, který již obsahuje základní nastavení). PhpMyAdmin si nejprve načítá libraries/config.default.php a hodnoty zde získané poté případně přepíše těmi, které si načte z config.inc.php. Pokud tedy výchozí hodnota splňuje Vaše nároky, není nutné ji znovu deklarovat v config.inc.php. Abyste mohli začít, pravděpodobně budete potřebovat jen pár řádků, jednoduchá konfigurace může vypadat třeba následovně:

<?php
// use here a value of your choice at least 32 chars long
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = '1{dd0`<Q),5XP_:R9UK%%8\"EEcyH#{o';

$i=0;
$i++;
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type']     = 'cookie';
// if you insist on "root" having no password:
// $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = true;

Nebo, pokud nechcete být dotazováni na heslo při každém přihlášení:

<?php

$i=0;
$i++;
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user']          = 'root';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password']      = 'changeme'; // use here your password
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type']     = 'config';

Varování

Storing passwords in the configuration is insecure as anybody can then manipulate your database.

Vysvětlení všech možných konfiguračních hodnot najdete v sekci Nastavení.

Použití nastavovacího skriptu¶

Instead of manually editing config.inc.php, you can use phpMyAdmin’s setup feature. The file can be generated using the setup and you can download it for upload to the server.

Next, open your browser and visit the location where you installed phpMyAdmin, with the /setup suffix. The changes are not saved to the server, you need to use the Download button to save them to your computer and then upload to the server.

Now the file is ready to be used. You can choose to review or edit the file with your favorite editor, if you prefer to set some advanced options that the setup script does not provide.

If you are using the auth_type „config“, it is suggested that you protect the phpMyAdmin installation directory because using config does not require a user to enter a password to access the phpMyAdmin installation. Use of an alternate authentication method is recommended, for example with HTTP–AUTH in a .htaccess file or switch to using auth_type cookie or http. See the ISP, instalace pro více uživatelů for additional information, especially 4.4 phpMyAdmin always gives „Access denied“ when using HTTP authentication..
Open the main phpMyAdmin directory in your browser. phpMyAdmin should now display a welcome screen and your databases, or a login dialog if using HTTP or cookie authentication mode.

Setup script on Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives¶

Debian and Ubuntu have changed the way in which the setup script is enabled and disabled, in a way that single command has to be executed for either of these.

To allow editing configuration invoke:

/usr/sbin/pma-configure

To block editing configuration invoke:

/usr/sbin/pma-secure

Nastavovací skript v openSUSE¶

Some openSUSE releases do not include setup script in the package. In case you want to generate configuration on these you can either download original package from <https://www.phpmyadmin.net/> or use setup script on our demo server: <https://demo.phpmyadmin.net/master/setup/>.

Verifying phpMyAdmin releases¶

Since July 2015 all phpMyAdmin releases are cryptographically signed by the releasing developer, who through January 2016 was Marc Delisle. His key id is 0xFEFC65D181AF644A, his PGP fingerprint is:

436F F188 4B1A 0C3F DCBF 0D79 FEFC 65D1 81AF 644A

and you can get more identification information from <https://keybase.io/lem9>.

Beginning in January 2016, the release manager is Isaac Bennetch. His key id is 0xCE752F178259BD92, and his PGP fingerprint is:

3D06 A59E CE73 0EB7 1B51 1C17 CE75 2F17 8259 BD92

and you can get more identification information from <https://keybase.io/ibennetch>.

Some additional downloads (for example themes) might be signed by Michal Čihař. His key id is 0x9C27B31342B7511D, and his PGP fingerprint is:

63CB 1DF1 EF12 CF2A C0EE 5A32 9C27 B313 42B7 511D

and you can get more identification information from <https://keybase.io/nijel>.

You should verify that the signature matches the archive you have downloaded. This way you can be sure that you are using the same code that was released. You should also verify the date of the signature to make sure that you downloaded the latest version.

Each archive is accompanied by .asc files which contain the PGP signature for it. Once you have both of them in the same folder, you can verify the signature:

$ gpg --verify phpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc
gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92
gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found

As you can see gpg complains that it does not know the public key. At this point, you should do one of the following steps:

Download the keyring from our download server, then import it with:

$ gpg --import phpmyadmin.keyring

Download and import the key from one of the key servers:

$ gpg --keyserver hkp://pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 3D06A59ECE730EB71B511C17CE752F178259BD92
gpg: requesting key 8259BD92 from hkp server pgp.mit.edu
gpg: key 8259BD92: public key "Isaac Bennetch <bennetch@gmail.com>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

This will improve the situation a bit - at this point, you can verify that the signature from the given key is correct but you still can not trust the name used in the key:

$ gpg --verify phpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc
gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92
gpg: Good signature from "Isaac Bennetch <bennetch@gmail.com>"
gpg:                 aka "Isaac Bennetch <isaac@bennetch.org>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: 3D06 A59E CE73 0EB7 1B51  1C17 CE75 2F17 8259 BD92

The problem here is that anybody could issue the key with this name. You need to ensure that the key is actually owned by the mentioned person. The GNU Privacy Handbook covers this topic in the chapter Validating other keys on your public keyring. The most reliable method is to meet the developer in person and exchange key fingerprints, however, you can also rely on the web of trust. This way you can trust the key transitively though signatures of others, who have met the developer in person.

Once the key is trusted, the warning will not occur:

$ gpg --verify phpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc
gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92
gpg: Good signature from "Isaac Bennetch <bennetch@gmail.com>" [full]

Should the signature be invalid (the archive has been changed), you would get a clear error regardless of the fact that the key is trusted or not:

$ gpg --verify phpMyAdmin-4.5.4.1-all-languages.zip.asc
gpg: Signature made Fri 29 Jan 2016 08:59:37 AM EST using RSA key ID 8259BD92
gpg: BAD signature from "Isaac Bennetch <bennetch@gmail.com>" [unknown]

Úložiště nastavení phpMyAdmina¶

Změněno ve verzi 3.4.0: Prior to phpMyAdmin 3.4.0 this was called Linked Tables Infrastructure, but the name was changed due to the extended scope of the storage.

For a whole set of additional features (Záložky, comments, SQL-history, tracking mechanism, PDF-generation, Transformace, Relace etc.) you need to create a set of special tables. Those tables can be located in your own database, or in a central database for a multi-user installation (this database would then be accessed by the controluser, so no other user should have rights to it).

Automatická konfigurace¶

In many cases, this database structure can be automatically created and configured. This is called “Zero Configuration” mode and can be particularly useful in shared hosting situations. “Zeroconf” mode is on by default, to disable set $cfg['ZeroConf'] to false.

The following three scenarios are covered by the Zero Configuration mode:

When entering a database where the configuration storage tables are not present, phpMyAdmin offers to create them from the Operations tab.
When entering a database where the tables do already exist, the software automatically detects this and begins using them. This is the most common situation; after the tables are initially created automatically they are continually used without disturbing the user; this is also most useful on shared hosting where the user is not able to edit config.inc.php and usually the user only has access to one database.
When having access to multiple databases, if the user first enters the database containing the configuration storage tables then switches to another database, phpMyAdmin continues to use the tables from the first database; the user is not prompted to create more tables in the new database.

Ruční konfigurace¶

Please look at your ./sql/ directory, where you should find a file called create_tables.sql. (If you are using a Windows server, pay special attention to 1.23 I’m running MySQL on a Win32 machine. Each time I create a new table the table and column names are changed to lowercase!).

If you already had this infrastructure and:

upgraded to MySQL 4.1.2 or newer, please use sql/upgrade_tables_mysql_4_1_2+.sql.
upgraded to phpMyAdmin 4.3.0 or newer from 2.5.0 or newer (<= 4.2.x), please use sql/upgrade_column_info_4_3_0+.sql.
upgraded to phpMyAdmin 4.7.0 or newer from 4.3.0 or newer, please use sql/upgrade_tables_4_7_0+.sql.

and then create new tables by importing sql/create_tables.sql.

You can use your phpMyAdmin to create the tables for you. Please be aware that you may need special (administrator) privileges to create the database and tables, and that the script may need some tuning, depending on the database name.

After having imported the sql/create_tables.sql file, you should specify the table names in your config.inc.php file. The directives used for that can be found in the Nastavení.

You will also need to have a controluser ($cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] settings) with the proper rights to those tables. For example you can create it using following statement:

And for any MariaDB version:

CREATE USER 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA mysql_native_password USING 'pmapass';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `<pma_db>`.* TO 'pma'@'localhost';

Pro MySQL 8.0 a novější:

CREATE USER 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH caching_sha2_password BY 'pmapass';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON <pma_db>.* TO 'pma'@'localhost';

For MySQL older than 8.0:

CREATE USER 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password AS 'pmapass';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON <pma_db>.* TO 'pma'@'localhost';

Note that MySQL installations with PHP older than 7.4 and MySQL newer than 8.0 may require using the mysql_native_password authentication as a workaround, see 1.45 I get an error message about unknown authentication method caching_sha2_password when trying to log in for details.

Aktualizace ze starší verze¶

Varování

Never extract the new version over an existing installation of phpMyAdmin, always first remove the old files keeping just the configuration.

This way, you will not leave any old or outdated files in the directory, which can have severe security implications or can cause various breakages.

Simply copy config.inc.php from your previous installation into the newly unpacked one. Configuration files from old versions may require some tweaking as some options have been changed or removed. For compatibility with PHP 5.3 and later, remove a set_magic_quotes_runtime(0); statement that you might find near the end of your configuration file.

You should not copy libraries/config.default.php over config.inc.php because the default configuration file is version- specific.

The complete upgrade can be performed in a few simple steps:

Download the latest phpMyAdmin version from <https://www.phpmyadmin.net/downloads/>.
Rename existing phpMyAdmin folder (for example to phpmyadmin-old).
Unpack freshly downloaded phpMyAdmin to the desired location (for example phpmyadmin).
Copy config.inc.php` from old location (phpmyadmin-old) to the new one (phpmyadmin).
Test that everything works properly.
Remove backup of a previous version (phpmyadmin-old).

If you have upgraded your MySQL server from a version previous to 4.1.2 to version 5.x or newer and if you use the phpMyAdmin configuration storage, you should run the SQL script found in sql/upgrade_tables_mysql_4_1_2+.sql.

If you have upgraded your phpMyAdmin to 4.3.0 or newer from 2.5.0 or newer (<= 4.2.x) and if you use the phpMyAdmin configuration storage, you should run the SQL script found in sql/upgrade_column_info_4_3_0+.sql.

Do not forget to clear the browser cache and to empty the old session by logging out and logging in again.

Způsoby přihlašování¶

HTTP and cookie authentication modes are recommended in a multi-user environment where you want to give users access to their own database and don’t want them to play around with others. Nevertheless, be aware that MS Internet Explorer seems to be really buggy about cookies, at least till version 6. Even in a single-user environment, you might prefer to use HTTP or cookie mode so that your user/password pair are not in clear in the configuration file.

HTTP and cookie authentication modes are more secure: the MySQL login information does not need to be set in the phpMyAdmin configuration file (except possibly for the $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser']). However, keep in mind that the password travels in plain text unless you are using the HTTPS protocol. In cookie mode, the password is stored, encrypted with the AES algorithm, in a temporary cookie.

Then each of the true users should be granted a set of privileges on a set of particular databases. Normally you shouldn’t give global privileges to an ordinary user unless you understand the impact of those privileges (for example, you are creating a superuser). For example, to grant the user real_user with all privileges on the database user_base:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON user_base.* TO 'real_user'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'real_password';

What the user may now do is controlled entirely by the MySQL user management system. With HTTP or cookie authentication mode, you don’t need to fill the user/password fields inside the $cfg['Servers'].

Viz také

1.32 Can I use HTTP authentication with IIS?, 1.35 Can I use HTTP authentication with Apache CGI?, 4.1 I’m an ISP. Can I setup one central copy of phpMyAdmin or do I need to install it for each customer?, 4.2 What’s the preferred way of making phpMyAdmin secure against evil access?, 4.3 I get errors about not being able to include a file in /lang or in /libraries.

Přihlašování pomocí HTTP¶

Uses HTTP Basic authentication method and allows you to log in as any valid MySQL user.
Is supported with most PHP configurations. For IIS (ISAPI) support using CGI PHP see 1.32 Can I use HTTP authentication with IIS?, for using with Apache CGI see 1.35 Can I use HTTP authentication with Apache CGI?.
When PHP is running under Apache’s mod_proxy_fcgi (e.g. with PHP-FPM), Authorization headers are not passed to the underlying FCGI application, such that your credentials will not reach the application. In this case, you can add the following configuration directive:
```
SetEnvIf Authorization "(.*)" HTTP_AUTHORIZATION=$1
```
See also 4.4 phpMyAdmin always gives „Access denied“ when using HTTP authentication. about not using the .htaccess mechanism along with ‚HTTP‘ authentication mode.

Poznámka

There is no way to do proper logout in HTTP authentication, most browsers will remember credentials until there is no different successful authentication. Because of this, this method has a limitation that you can not login with the same user after logout.

Přihlašování signon¶

This mode is a convenient way of using credentials from another application to authenticate to phpMyAdmin to implement a single signon solution.
The other application has to store login information into session data (see $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonSession'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonCookieParams']) or you need to implement script to return the credentials (see $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonScript']).
When no credentials are available, the user is being redirected to $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonURL'], where you should handle the login process.

The very basic example of saving credentials in a session is available as examples/signon.php:

<?php
/**
 * Single signon for phpMyAdmin
 *
 * This is just example how to use session based single signon with
 * phpMyAdmin, it is not intended to be perfect code and look, only
 * shows how you can integrate this functionality in your application.
 */

declare(strict_types=1);

/* Use cookies for session */
ini_set('session.use_cookies', 'true');
/* Change this to true if using phpMyAdmin over https */
$secure_cookie = false;
/* Need to have cookie visible from parent directory */
session_set_cookie_params(0, '/', '', $secure_cookie, true);
/* Create signon session */
$session_name = 'SignonSession';
session_name($session_name);
// Uncomment and change the following line to match your $cfg['SessionSavePath']
//session_save_path('/foobar');
@session_start();

/* Was data posted? */
if (isset($_POST['user'])) {
    /* Store there credentials */
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_user'] = $_POST['user'];
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_password'] = $_POST['password'];
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_host'] = $_POST['host'];
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_port'] = $_POST['port'];
    /* Update another field of server configuration */
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_cfgupdate'] = ['verbose' => 'Signon test'];
    $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_HMAC_secret'] = hash('sha1', uniqid(strval(rand()), true));
    $id = session_id();
    /* Close that session */
    @session_write_close();
    /* Redirect to phpMyAdmin (should use absolute URL here!) */
    header('Location: ../index.php');
} else {
    /* Show simple form */
    header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

    echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>' . "\n";
    echo '<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<link rel="icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>phpMyAdmin single signon example</title>
</head>
<body>';

    if (isset($_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_error_message'])) {
        echo '<p class="error">';
        echo $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_error_message'];
        echo '</p>';
    }

    echo '<form action="signon.php" method="post">
Username: <input type="text" name="user" autocomplete="username"><br>
Password: <input type="password" name="password" autocomplete="current-password"><br>
Host: (will use the one from config.inc.php by default)
<input type="text" name="host"><br>
Port: (will use the one from config.inc.php by default)
<input type="text" name="port"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>';
}

Alternatively, you can also use this way to integrate with OpenID as shown in examples/openid.php:

<?php
/**
 * Single signon for phpMyAdmin using OpenID
 *
 * This is just example how to use single signon with phpMyAdmin, it is
 * not intended to be perfect code and look, only shows how you can
 * integrate this functionality in your application.
 *
 * It uses OpenID pear package, see https://pear.php.net/package/OpenID
 *
 * User first authenticates using OpenID and based on content of $AUTH_MAP
 * the login information is passed to phpMyAdmin in session data.
 */

declare(strict_types=1);

if (false === @include_once 'OpenID/RelyingParty.php') {
    exit;
}

/* Change this to true if using phpMyAdmin over https */
$secure_cookie = false;

/**
 * Map of authenticated users to MySQL user/password pairs.
 */
$AUTH_MAP = [
    'https://launchpad.net/~username' => [
        'user' => 'root',
        'password' => '',
    ],
];

// phpcs:disable PSR1.Files.SideEffects,Squiz.Functions.GlobalFunction

/**
 * Simple function to show HTML page with given content.
 *
 * @param string $contents Content to include in page
 *
 * @return void
 */
function Show_page($contents)
{
    header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

    echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>' . "\n";
    echo '<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<link rel="icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>phpMyAdmin OpenID signon example</title>
</head>
<body>';

    if (isset($_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_error_message'])) {
        echo '<p class="error">' . $_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_message'] . '</p>';
        unset($_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_message']);
    }

    echo $contents;
    echo '</body></html>';
}

/**
 * Display error and exit
 *
 * @param Exception $e Exception object
 *
 * @return void
 */
function Die_error($e)
{
    $contents = "<div class='relyingparty_results'>\n";
    $contents .= '<pre>' . htmlspecialchars($e->getMessage()) . "</pre>\n";
    $contents .= "</div class='relyingparty_results'>";
    Show_page($contents);
    exit;
}

// phpcs:enable

/* Need to have cookie visible from parent directory */
session_set_cookie_params(0, '/', '', $secure_cookie, true);
/* Create signon session */
$session_name = 'SignonSession';
session_name($session_name);
@session_start();

// Determine realm and return_to
$base = 'http';
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] === 'on') {
    $base .= 's';
}

$base .= '://' . $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] . ':' . $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'];

$realm = $base . '/';
$returnTo = $base . dirname($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
if ($returnTo[strlen($returnTo) - 1] !== '/') {
    $returnTo .= '/';
}

$returnTo .= 'openid.php';

/* Display form */
if ((! count($_GET) && ! count($_POST)) || isset($_GET['phpMyAdmin'])) {
    /* Show simple form */
    $content = '<form action="openid.php" method="post">
OpenID: <input type="text" name="identifier"><br>
<input type="submit" name="start">
</form>';
    Show_page($content);
    exit;
}

/* Grab identifier */
$identifier = null;
if (isset($_POST['identifier']) && is_string($_POST['identifier'])) {
    $identifier = $_POST['identifier'];
} elseif (isset($_SESSION['identifier']) && is_string($_SESSION['identifier'])) {
    $identifier = $_SESSION['identifier'];
}

/* Create OpenID object */
try {
    $o = new OpenID_RelyingParty($returnTo, $realm, $identifier);
} catch (Throwable $e) {
    Die_error($e);
}

/* Redirect to OpenID provider */
if (isset($_POST['start'])) {
    try {
        $authRequest = $o->prepare();
    } catch (Throwable $e) {
        Die_error($e);
    }

    $url = $authRequest->getAuthorizeURL();

    header('Location: ' . $url);
    exit;
}

/* Grab query string */
if (! count($_POST)) {
    [, $queryString] = explode('?', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
} else {
    // Fetch the raw query body
    $queryString = file_get_contents('php://input');
}

/* Check reply */
try {
    $message = new OpenID_Message($queryString, OpenID_Message::FORMAT_HTTP);
} catch (Throwable $e) {
    Die_error($e);
}

$id = $message->get('openid.claimed_id');

if (empty($id) || ! isset($AUTH_MAP[$id])) {
    Show_page('<p>User not allowed!</p>');
    exit;
}

$_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_user'] = $AUTH_MAP[$id]['user'];
$_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_password'] = $AUTH_MAP[$id]['password'];
$_SESSION['PMA_single_signon_HMAC_secret'] = hash('sha1', uniqid(strval(rand()), true));
session_write_close();
/* Redirect to phpMyAdmin (should use absolute URL here!) */
header('Location: ../index.php');

If you intend to pass the credentials using some other means than, you have to implement wrapper in PHP to get that data and set it to $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonScript']. There is a very minimal example in examples/signon-script.php:

<?php
/**
 * Single signon for phpMyAdmin
 *
 * This is just example how to use script based single signon with
 * phpMyAdmin, it is not intended to be perfect code and look, only
 * shows how you can integrate this functionality in your application.
 */

declare(strict_types=1);

// phpcs:disable Squiz.Functions.GlobalFunction

/**
 * This function returns username and password.
 *
 * It can optionally use configured username as parameter.
 *
 * @param string $user User name
 *
 * @return array
 */
function get_login_credentials($user)
{
    /* Optionally we can use passed username */
    if (! empty($user)) {
        return [
            $user,
            'password',
        ];
    }

    /* Here we would retrieve the credentials */
    return [
        'root',
        '',
    ];
}

Viz také

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonSession'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonCookieParams'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonScript'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['SignonURL'], Příklad přihlašování signon

Přihlašování uložené v nastaveních¶

This mode is sometimes the less secure one because it requires you to fill the $cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] fields (and as a result, anyone who can read your config.inc.php can discover your username and password).
In the ISP, instalace pro více uživatelů section, there is an entry explaining how to protect your configuration file.
For additional security in this mode, you may wish to consider the Host authentication $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowDeny']['order'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowDeny']['rules'] configuration directives.
Unlike cookie and http, does not require a user to log in when first loading the phpMyAdmin site. This is by design but could allow any user to access your installation. Use of some restriction method is suggested, perhaps a .htaccess file with the HTTP-AUTH directive or disallowing incoming HTTP requests at one’s router or firewall will suffice (both of which are beyond the scope of this manual but easily searchable with Google).

Zabezpečení instalace phpMyAdmina¶

The phpMyAdmin team tries hard to make the application secure, however there are always ways to make your installation more secure:

Follow our Security announcements and upgrade phpMyAdmin whenever new vulnerability is published.
Serve phpMyAdmin on HTTPS only. Preferably, you should use HSTS as well, so that you’re protected from protocol downgrade attacks.
Ensure your PHP setup follows recommendations for production sites, for example display_errors should be disabled.
Remove the test directory from phpMyAdmin, unless you are developing and need a test suite.
Remove the setup directory from phpMyAdmin, you will probably not use it after the initial setup.
Properly choose an authentication method - Přihlašování pomocí cookies is probably the best choice for shared hosting.
Deny access to auxiliary files in ./libraries/ or ./templates/ subfolders in your webserver configuration. Such configuration prevents from possible path exposure and cross side scripting vulnerabilities that might happen to be found in that code. For the Apache webserver, this is often accomplished with a .htaccess file in those directories.
Deny access to temporary files, see $cfg['TempDir'] (if that is placed inside your web root, see also Web server upload/save/import directories.
It is generally a good idea to protect a public phpMyAdmin installation against access by robots as they usually can not do anything good there. You can do this using robots.txt file in the root of your webserver or limit access by web server configuration, see 1.42 How can I prevent robots from accessing phpMyAdmin?.
In case you don’t want all MySQL users to be able to access phpMyAdmin, you can use $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowDeny']['rules'] to limit them or $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowRoot'] to deny root user access.
Enable Dvoustupňové ověřování for your account.
Consider hiding phpMyAdmin behind an authentication proxy, so that users need to authenticate prior to providing MySQL credentials to phpMyAdmin. You can achieve this by configuring your web server to request HTTP authentication. For example in Apache this can be done with:
```
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Restricted Access"
AuthUserFile /usr/share/phpmyadmin/passwd
Require valid-user
```
Once you have changed the configuration, you need to create a list of users which can authenticate. This can be done using the htpasswd utility:
```
htpasswd -c /usr/share/phpmyadmin/passwd username
```
If you are afraid of automated attacks, enabling Captcha by $cfg['CaptchaLoginPublicKey'] and $cfg['CaptchaLoginPrivateKey'] might be an option.
Failed login attempts are logged to syslog (if available, see $cfg['AuthLog']). This can allow using a tool such as fail2ban to block brute-force attempts. Note that the log file used by syslog is not the same as the Apache error or access log files.
In case you’re running phpMyAdmin together with other PHP applications, it is generally advised to use separate session storage for phpMyAdmin to avoid possible session-based attacks against it. You can use $cfg['SessionSavePath'] to achieve this.

Použití SSL pro připojení k databázovému serveru¶

It is recommended to use SSL when connecting to remote database server. There are several configuration options involved in the SSL setup:

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl']: Defines whether to use SSL at all. If you enable only this, the connection will be encrypted, but there is not authentication of the connection - you can not verify that you are talking to the right server.
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_key'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_cert']: This is used for authentication of client to the server.
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca'] and $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca_path']: The certificate authorities you trust for server certificates. This is used to ensure that you are talking to a trusted server.
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_verify']: This configuration disables server certificate verification. Use with caution.

When the database server is using a local connection or private network and SSL can not be configured you can use $cfg['MysqlSslWarningSafeHosts'] to explicitly list the hostnames that are considered secure.

Viz také

Google Cloud SQL with SSL, $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_key'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_cert'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ca_path'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_ciphers'], $cfg['Servers'][$i]['ssl_verify']

Known issues¶

Users with column-specific privileges are unable to „Browse“¶

If a user has only column-specific privileges on some (but not all) columns in a table, „Browse“ will fail with an error message.

As a workaround, a bookmarked query with the same name as the table can be created, this will run when using the „Browse“ link instead. Issue 11922.

Trouble logging back in after logging out using ‚http‘ authentication¶

When using the ‚http‘ auth_type, it can be impossible to log back in (when the logout comes manually or after a period of inactivity). Issue 11898.

Instalace¶

Linuxové distribuce¶

Debian a Ubuntu¶

OpenSUSE¶

Gentoo¶

Mandriva¶

Fedora¶

Red Hat Enterprise Linux¶

Instalace na Windows¶

Instalace z Gitu¶

Instalace pomocí Composeru¶

Instalace pomocí Dockeru¶

Proměnné prostředí Docker¶

Úprava konfigurace¶

Svazky Docker¶

Příklady Docker¶

Použití docker-compose¶

Přizpůsobení konfiguračního souboru pomocí docker-compose¶

Running behind haproxy in a subdirectory¶

IBM Cloud¶

Rychlá instalace¶

Ruční vytvoření souboru¶

Použití nastavovacího skriptu¶

Setup script on Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives¶

Nastavovací skript v openSUSE¶

Verifying phpMyAdmin releases¶

Úložiště nastavení phpMyAdmina¶

Automatická konfigurace¶

Ruční konfigurace¶

Aktualizace ze starší verze¶

Způsoby přihlašování¶

Přihlašování pomocí HTTP¶

Přihlašování pomocí cookies¶

Přihlašování signon¶

Přihlašování uložené v nastaveních¶

Zabezpečení instalace phpMyAdmina¶

Použití SSL pro připojení k databázovému serveru¶

Known issues¶

Users with column-specific privileges are unable to „Browse“¶

Trouble logging back in after logging out using ‚http‘ authentication¶